Similar to the
aerospace manufacturer logos thread, I recently came across a publication called
Japanese Aircraft Manual that motivated me to try to find 3-view drawings of aircraft to add to Wikipedia articles that are missing them. (The images I have uploaded so far are available on a
section of my Wikimedia Commons userpage.) Unfortunately, that publication seems to be nearly unique, as almost all of the other ones are understandably black silhouettes - not white outlines that can be cleaned up easily with an image editing program. Partially to help eliminate redundancy, I decided to make a list of as many sources of wartime aircraft recognition materials as possible:
Military Manuals- AP 1764 - Aircraft Recognition[1]
- AP 1780A - Recognition Handbook of British Aircraft[2]
- Bulletin 105-45 - Japanese Operational Aircraft: "Know Your Enemy!" [Ed. Transcribed with scanned silhouettes.]
- Bulletin 105-45 - Japanese Operational Aircraft: "Know Your Enemy!" (Revised) [Ed. Transcribed with scanned silhouettes.]
- FM 21-7 - List of War Department Films, Film Strips, and Recognition Film Slides
- FM 30-30 - Military Intelligence: Identification of U. S. Government Aircraft (September 1940, February 1942)
- FM 30-30/BuAer 3 - Recognition Pictorial Manual (AAW, ECU, HNSA, ISCARL, HW, WC) [Ed. HNSA example transcribed with scanned silhouettes. This manual is a very different format from the previous entry despite retaining the same field manual number. Three Aircraft Supplements - Nos. 1, 2, and 3 - also exist.[3]]
- FM 30-31 - Military Intelligence: Identification of British Aircraft[4]
- FM 30-34 - Military Intelligence: Identification of Soviet-Russian Aircraft
- FM 30-35 - Military Intelligence: Identification of German Aircraft
- FM 30-38 - Military Intelligence: Identification of Japanese Aircraft (March 1941, March 1942)
- FM 30-39 - Military Intelligence: Identification of Italian Aircraft
- N/A - Aircraft Identification from Photographic Interpretation Handbook [Ed. Transcribed with scanned silhouettes.]
- N/A - Aircraft Recognition, Part 1-(British)[x1]
- N/A - Handbook of Aircraft Recognition[5]
- ONI 232 - Japanese Military Aircraft [Ed. Transcribed with scanned silhouettes.]
- ONI 233 - Italian Military Aircraft[6]
- ONI 234 - German Military Aircraft[6]
- ONI 249 - Japanese Aircraft Manual (HT, NDL)
- TAIC Manual No. 1 - Japanese Aircraft Performance & Characteristics (ISCARL, NDL)
- TM-E 30-480 - Handbook on Japanese Military Forces (HT, Pg. 62; HW, Sec. IV)
- T.O. 00-40-1 - Silhouette Handbook of United States Army Air Forces Airplanes
- T.O. 00-40-2 - Distribution of Recognition Material[7]
- T.O. 00-40-3 - Composition of Airplane Model Sets
- T.O. 00-40-3A - Composition of Airplane Model Sets[7]
- T.O. 00-40-4 - Composition of Tank and Combat Vehicle Model Sets
- T.O. 00-40-5 - Recognition of Aircraft by the WEFT System
- T.O. 00-40-6 - Composition of Ship Model Sets
Public Documents- Aeronautics Aircraft Spotters' Guide (No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4)[8][9][10][11]
- Aeronautics Aircraft Spotters' Handbook[12]
- Aeroplane Recognition Tests (Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4, Part 5, Part 6)[x2][x3][x4][x5][x6][x7]
- Aircraft Identification: Friend or Foe? [Ed. Transcribed with scanned silhouettes.]
- Aircraft Identification: The Official Manual of Instruction
- Aircraft Recognition[13]
- Aircraft Recognition Guide[14]
- Aircraft Spotter[15]
- Building Model War Planes
- Buster Brown's Aircraft Spotters Chart
- Flight: Identification Chart of American Aircraft
- Hints for Air Spotters
- How to Identify Warplanes
- Identification of Aircraft for Army Air Forces Ground Observer Corps
- Japanese Aircraft
- Oddentification
- Plane Chart and Guide to Insignia of Rank
- Scale Silhouettes, Photographs and "Oddentifications" of Well-Known British, American and German First-Line Aeroplanes
- Silhouettes of British, American and German Aircraft Listed for the Third Grade Test of the Royal Observer Corps
- Silhouettes of British, American, German and Italian Aircraft Listed for the Second Grade Test of the Royal Observer Corps
- The Aeroplane Spotter (Vol. 1, No. 6, Vol. 1, No. 7, Vol. 1, No. 8, Vol. 1, No. 9 Vol 1, No. 10)
- U.S. Army-Navy Journal of Recognition (Nos. 1-4, Nos. 5-8, Nos. 9-12, Nos. 13-16, Nos. 17-20, Nos. 21-24)
- [Untitled]
- Watch for These Enemy Planes with Your Warden Scope
- What's That Plane: How to Identify American and Japanese Airplanes[16]
Posters- Recognition Division, Training Aids Directorate, Army Air Forces School of Applied Tactics
- No. 523 - F4U-Corsair[17]
- Naval Aviation Training Division
- Avro Lancaster[18]
- Blohm und Voss HA. 183B[19]
- Bristol Blenheim[20]
- Cantiere Z-1007 bis[21]
- Curtiss Helldiver[19]
- Curtiss Seagull[22]
- Douglas Skymaster[23]
- Fairey Fulmar[24]
- Handley Page Hampden[25]
- Heinkel He 177[20]
- Kawasaki Type 3[20]
- Lockheed Lodestar[22]
- Martin Mariner[22]
- Messerschmitt Me-210[21]
- Messerschmitt ME-323[20]
- Mitsubishi Type 00[26]
- Mitsubishi Type 97[21]
- Mitsubishi Type 100 MK-1[23]
- North American Mustang[27]
- Short Stirling[28]
- Stormovik[29]
- TB-7[22]
- Type 2[30]
- Vickers Wellington[21]
- Vought Sikorsky Kingfisher[19]
- Vultee Vengeance[31]
- Watanabe Type O MK-1[32]
- Various
SlidesTraining FilmsWorld War IForeign- Aircraft Currently in Use by the Japanese Military (Source)
- [Aircraft Identification Poster Depicting Lockheed P-38 Lightning and Grumman F4F-3 Wildcat]
- [Aircraft Identification Poster Depicting SB2U, P-47, B-17, TBF, F4U, YFM, P-39 and F4F]
- Enemy Aircraft Recognition Chart (Source)
- Flugzeug Erkennungsdienst (Part 1)[33]
- Flugzeug Erkennungsdienst (Part 2)[34]
- Nr. 321 - Unterrichsfilm: Eindecker, Einmotorig (Roll 1, Roll 1, Roll 2, Roll 3)
- Nr. 323 - Unterrichsfilm: Eindecker - Zweimotorig Doppelseitenleitwerk (Roll 1, Roll 2)
- [Unknown]
Finally, even though they're not printed documents, it's worth mentioning Cruver aircraft recognition models. For more information, there are a number of good articles including ones from:
99% Invisible,
Airplanes and Rockets,
Collectair,
The Joystick Club. There's also a
Facebook group for collectors. There were also black cardboard style sheet models that were produced during the war. As mentioned in a
blog post, they are profiled in the book
Building Model War Planes for the Army and Navy.
EDIT (22-07-10): Add entry and link 1 military manual and 8 posters. Add link to additional example of Recognition Pictorial Manual. Add note to Recognition Pictorial Manual about Aircraft Supplements.
EDIT (22-07-12): After finishing this post, I remembered that there is a collection of aircraft recognition posters at our museum. I took the opportunity to inventory them today for the dual purpose of good collections management and as a reference for this post. For the sake of simplicity, I elected to include them below rather than try to integrate them into the list above:
Posters (Upper Left Text - Top Center Text - Date)- Germany (x25)
- Army - Arado "Ar 196" - February 1943
- Army - Blohm und Voss "B.V.-141" - February 1944
- Army - Dornier "217E" - November 1942
- Army - Focke-Wulf "Fw 190" - November 1942
- Army - Glider Research "D.F.S. 230" - February 1944
- Army - Gotha "Go 242" - December 1942
- Army - Heinkel "He 111K" - November 1942
- Army - Heinkel "He 177" - December 1942
- Army - Henschel "Hs-126" - February 1944
- Army - Henschel "Hs-129" - February 1944
- Army - Junkers "Ju 52" - November 1942
- Army - Junkers "Ju 88 A6" - January 1943
- Army - Junkers "Ju 90" New Type - March 1943
- Army - Junkers "Ju. 90" Old Type - November 1942
- Army - Messerschmitt "Me 109F" - November 1942
- Army - Messerschmitt "Me 110" - November 1942
- Army - Messerschmitt "Me-210" - February 1943
- Army - Messerschmitt "Me-323" - February 1944
- Army Fi-156 - Fieseler "Storch" - February 1944
- Army Fw 189 - Focke-Wulf "Flying Eye" - November 1942
- Army Fw 200K - Focke-Wulf "Kurier" - November 1942
- Army Ju 87B Italy, Breda-201 - Junkers "Stuka" - November 1942
- Navy - Blohm und Voss "B.V.-222" - February 1944
- Navy - Blohm und Voss "Ha. 138B" - January 1943
- Navy - Heinkel "Heinkel 115K2" - November 1942
- Italy (x5)
- Army - Cantiere "Z-1007 bis" - March 1943
- Army - Fiat "G-50" - March 1943
- Army - Macchi "MC-202" - March 1943
- Army - Reggiane "Re-2001" - February 1943
- Army - Savoia-Marchetti "SM-79" - February 1943
- Japan (x20)
- Army & Navy MacArthur Name "Nate" - Nakajima "Type 97" (also Mitsubishi) - February 1943
- Army MacArthur Name "Dinah" - Mitsubishi "Type 100 Mk-1" - February 1944
- Army MacArthur Name "Lily" - Mitsubishi "Type 99" Kawasaki - February 1944
- Army MacArthur Name "Oscar" - Nakajima "Type 01 Mk-1" - February 1944
- Army MacArthur Name "Sally" - Mitsubishi "Type 97" - February 1943
- Army MacArthur Name "Topsy" - Mitsubishi "MC 20" - January 1943
- MacArthur Name "Jake" - Watanabe "Type 0 Mk-1" - February 1944
- MacArthur Name "Tony" - Kawasaki "Type 3" - February 1944
- Navy MacArthur Name "Betty" - Mitsubishi "Type 01" - January 1943
- Navy MacArthur Name "Dave" - Nakajima "Type 95" - February 1943
- Navy MacArthur Name "Emily" - "Type 2" - February 1944
- Navy MacArthur Name "Hamp" - Mitsubishi "Type 00 Mk-2" (Square Wing Tips) - March 1943
- Navy MacArthur Name "Kate" - Nakajima "Type 97" (also Mitsubishi) - February 1943
- Navy MacArthur Name "Mavis" - Kawanishi "Type 97" - January 1943
- Navy MacArthur Name "Nell" - Mitsubishi "Type 96" - February 1943
- Navy MacArthur Name "Pete" - Sasebo "Type 00" - March 1943
- Navy MacArthur Name "Rufe" - Mitsubishi "Type 00" - February 1944
- Navy MacArthur Name "Val II" - Aichi "Type 99 Mk-2" - February 1944
- Navy MacArthur Name "Val" - Aichi "Type 99" - March 1943
- Navy MacArthur Name "Zeke" - Mitsubishi "Type 00" - February 1943
- Soviet Union (x12)
- Army - "DB-3" - February 1944
- Army - "DB-3F" - February 1944
- Army - "MiG-3" (I-18) - February 1944
- Army - "Pe-2" - February 1944
- Army - "SB-3" - February 1944
- Army - "Su-2" - February 1944
- Army - "TB-7" - February 1944
- Army - "Yak-1" (I-26) - February 1944
- Army - "Yak-4" - February 1944
- Army - Super-Rata "I-16C" - February 1944
- Army Germany B-71 - "SB-2" - February 1944
- Army Il-2, Il-3 - "Stormovik" - February 1944
- United Kingdom (x20)
- Army - Handley-Page "Halifax" - December 1942
- Fleet Air Arm - Fairey "Fulmar" - February 1944
- Fleet Air Arm - Fairey "Swordfish" - February 1944
- R.A.F. - Air Speed [sic] "Horsa" - February 1944
- R.A.F. - Avro "Lancaster" - December 1942
- R.A.F. - Bristol "Beaufort" - November 1942
- R.A.F. - de Havilland "Mosquito" - February 1943
- R.A.F. - General "Hamilcar" - February 1944
- R.A.F. - General "Hotspur II" - February 1944
- R.A.F. - Handley Page "Hampden" - April 1943
- R.A.F. - Hawker "Typhoon" - March 1943
- R.A.F. - Short "Sunderland" - February 1943
- R.A.F. - U.K. "Blenheim Mk IV" - April 1943
- R.A.F. "Beaufighter I" - Bristol "Beaufighter" - November 1942
- R.A.F. "Mk IIC" - Hawker "Hurricane - November 1942
- R.A.F. "Spirfire V" - Supermarine "Spitfire" - November 1942
- R.A.F. "Wellington" IV, V - Vickers "Wellington" - December 1942
- R.A.F. Fleet Air Arm - Fairey "Albacore" - December 1942
- R.A.F. Stirling Mk1 & 2 - Short "Stirling" - November 1942
- R.A.F. U.K. "Whitley V" - Armstrong-Whitworth "Whitley" - April 1943
United States (x38)
- Army A-20 A, B, Navy BD-1, 2, U.K. "Boston" I, II, III, "Havoc" I, II, French DB-7B - Douglas "A-20" - November 1942
- Army A-30 U.K. "Baltimore" "Baltimore" I, II (Without Turret) - Martin "Baltimore" - November 1942
- Army A-31 U.K. "Vengeance" - Vultee "Vengeance" - November 1942
- Army B-17E U.K. "Fortress II" - Boeing "Super Flying Fortress" - November 1942
- Army B-26-B U.K. "Marauder" - Martin "Marauder" - March 1943
- Army L4-A [sic] Navy NE-1 - Piper "Grasshopper" - February 1944
- Army L-5 - Stinson "Sentinel" - February 1944
- Army P-38E U.K. "Lightning" - Lockheed "Lightning" - November 1942
- Army P-39E U.K. "Airacobra" - Bell "Airacobra" - December 1942
- Army P-40F U.K. "Warhawk" - Curtiss "Warhawk" - November 1942
- Army P-47 - Republic "Thunderbolt" - January 1943
- Army P-51 U.K. "Mustang" - North American "Mustang" - November 1942
- Army R.A.F. "Hadrian I" - Waco "CG-4A" - February 1944
- Navy - Curtiss "SOC" - February 1944
- Navy F4F-4 (Martin-FM-1) [sic] U.K. "Martlet" I, II - Grumman "Wildcat" - October 1942
- Navy F4U-1 (F3A-1, FG-1) - Vought Sikorsky "Corsair" - October 1942
- Navy F6F - Grumman "Hellcat" - February 1943
- Navy J2F Army OA-12 - Grumman "Duck" - February 1944
- Navy OS2U U.K. "Kingfisher" - Vought Sikorsky "Kingfisher" - February 1944
- Navy OS2U-3 U.K. "Kingfisher I" - Vought Sikorsky "Kingfisher" (Landplane) - October 1942
- Navy PB2Y-3 - Consolidated "Coronado" - November 1942
- Navy PB4Y-1 Army B-24E U.K. "Liberator II" - Consolidated "B-24E" - November 1942
- Navy PBJ-1 Army B-25C U.K. "Mitchell" - North American "Mitchell" - November 1942
- Navy PBM-3 U.K. "Mariner" - Martin "Mariner" - February 1943
- Navy PBO-1 Army A-29 AT-18, C-63 U.K. "Hudson III" - Lockheed "Hudson" - November 1942
- Navy PBY-5 (and PBN-1) Army OA-10 U.K. "Catalina" I, III Russian, GST-1 - Consolidated "Catalina" - October 1942
- Navy PV-3 Army B-34 U.K. "Ventura" - Vega "Ventura" - February 1943
- Navy R4D Army C-47 to 53 U.K. Dakota - Douglas "Skytrain" - January 1943
- Navy R-50 [sic] Army C-59, C-60 - Lockheed "Lodestar" - February 1943
- Navy R5C-1 Army C-46 - Curtiss "Commando" - February 1943
- Navy R5D-1 Army C-54A - Douglas "Skymaster" - March 1943
- Navy SB2C-1 SBW Army A-25 - Curtiss "Helldiver" - November 1942
- Navy SB2C-2 - Curtiss "Helldiver" - January 1943
- Navy SBD-3, 4, 5 Army A-24 U.K. A-24 - Douglas "Dauntless" - October 1942
- Navy SNJ-3 Army AT-6A U.K. "Harvard II" - North American "Texan" - February 1943
- Navy SO3C-1 (Ryan SOR-1) - Curtiss "Seagull" - October 1942
- Navy SO3C-2 U.K. "Seamew" - Curtiss "Seagull" - January 1943
- Navy TBF-1 (TBM-1) - Grumman "Avenger" - October 1942
Finally, a few observations:
- Most, but not all, posters printed in 1944 have "U.S. Government Printing Office : 1944 -O-572602" at the bottom. The examples from 1942-1943 are generally credited to the "U.S. Naval Aviation Training Division" and the examples from 1944 are generally credited to the "U.S. Navy, Bureau of Aeronautics".
- As a whole, the posters display a distinct lack of consistency. Examples include:
- Designations featuring differences in capitalization of manufacturer prefixes and punctuation of the separator (e.g. hyphens, periods, and spaces).
- Nicknames are generally used in place of designations when they exist and/or are known.
- The character used for the number one ("1") is replaced by the ninth letter of the alphabet ("I") in 1944. Similarly, the number zero ("0") is replaced by the fifteenth letter of the alphabet ("O") in some cases by 1943. This results in certain designations appearing to be incorrect (e.g. "NE-1" is rendered as "NE-I").
- A limited, but surprising number of errors are also present (e.g. "R-50" instead of "R5O", "L4-A" instead of "L-4A").
- All of the above serves to cause a considerable amount of confusion in a series of documents whose entire raison d'être is to reduce it. Furthermore, these issues are all self-imposed. Problems of inaccuracy due to poor intelligence of the enemy is entirely separate.
EDIT (22-07-18): Add entry and link to
Building Model War Planes. It was mentioned in a
previous post, but has been added here for the sake of completeness.
EDIT (22-11-13): The National Air and Space Museum has a collection of U.S. Navy World War II Aircraft Recognition Model Plans and the
order form includes a list of the drawings organized by code. It has been reproduced below:
Plans (Code - Aircraft)- Set A
- A-1 - Brewster F2A-3
- A-2 - Grumman F4F-4
- A-3 - Douglas SBD-3
- A-4 - Vought OS2U-1
- A-5 - Douglas TBD-1
- A-6 - Consolidated PBY-5
- A-7 - Consolidated PB2Y-3
- A-8 - Bell P-39D
- A-9 - Curtiss P-40E
- A-10 - Northrop A-17A
- A-11 - Douglas A-20A
- A-12 - Boeing B-17E
- A-13 - Douglas DC-3
- A-14 - Messerschmitt Me 109 [Bf 109]
- A-15 - Heinkel He 111
- A-16 - Sento Ki-001
- A-17 - Baku Ki-99
- A-18 - Mitsubishi Type 96 Bomber [G3M1-3 Nell]
- A-19 - Supermarine Spitfire
- A-20 - Vickers Armstrong Wellington
- Set B
- B-1 - Curtiss SBC-4
- B-2 - Martin PBM-1
- B-3 - Brewster SB2A-1
- B-4 - Grumman JRF-4
- B-5 - Lockheed P-38E
- B-6 - Martin B-26C
- B-7 - Republic P-43
- B-8 - Consolidated B-24D
- B-9 - Lockheed Lodestar
- B-10 - Messerschmitt Me 110 [Bf 110]
- B-11 - Junkers Ju 87B
- B-12 - Junkers Ju 88A-1
- B-13 - Dornier Do 18K
- B-14 - Mitsubishi Type 96 Fighter [A5M1-4 Claude]
- B-15 - Nakajima Type 97 Torpedo Bomber [B5N1 Kate]
- B-16 - Nakajima Type 95 Observation Seaplane [E8N1]
- B-17 - Hawker Hurricane
- B-18 - Bristol Blenheim
- B-19 - Ilyushin I-16 [Polykarpov I-16]
- B-20 - Savoia Marchetti SM.82
- Set C
- C-1 - Grumman F3F-2
- C-2 - Vought SB2U-3
- C-3 - Stinson L-1A
- C-4 - Boeing Clipper [Model 314]
- C-5 - Heinkel He 113
- C-6 - Saro Lerwick
- C-7 - Blackburn Skua
- C-8 - Boulton Paul Defiant
- C-9 - Handley Page Hampden
- C-10 - Fokker T-8-W
- Set D
- D-1 - Curtiss SO3C-1
- D-2 - Curtiss SOC-3
- D-3 - Vultee A-31
- D-4 - Focke-Wulf Fw 190
- D-5 - Dornier Do 26
- D-6 - Mitsubishi Type 97 Light Bomber [Ki-30 Ann]
- D-7 - Mitsubishi Type 98 Light Bomber [Tachikawa Ki-36 Ida?]
- D-8 - Mitsubishi Type 98 Light Bomber
- D-9 - Short Stirling
- D-10 - Handley Page Halifax
- Set E
- E-1 - Vought F4U-1
- E-2 - Grumman TBF-1
- E-3 - North American B-25B
- E-4 - Martin A-30
- E-5 - Bristol Beaufort
- E-6 - Bristol Beaufighter
- E-7 - Short Sunderland
- E-8 - Heinkel He 115K-2
- E-9 - Mikado Type 98 (FIAT BR-20)
- E-10 - Kawanishi Type 97 [H6K5 Mavis]
- Set F
- F-1 - Bristol Aeronautical LRQ-1
- F-2 - North American SNJ-3
- F-3 - North American P-51
- F-4 - Curtiss C-46
- F-5 - Focke-Wulf Fw 189
- F-6 - Focke-Wulf Fw 200K
- F-7 - Mitsubishi Type 0 Fighter [A6M5 Zeke]
- F-8 - Mitsubishi Type 1 Medium Bomber [G4M2 Betty]
- F-9 - DeHavilland Mosquito [D.H.98]
- F-10 - Avro Lancaster
- Set G
- G-1 - Curtiss SB2C-1
- G-2 - Republic P-47D
- G-3 - Lockheed B-34
- G-4 - Messerschmitt Me 210
- G-5 - Junkers Ju 52
- G-6 - Nakajima Type 2 Fighter Floatplane [A6M2-N Rufe]
- G-7 - Aichi Type 99 Bomber [D3A1-2 Val]
- G-8 - Mitsubishi Type 0 Fighter [A6M1-8 Hamp]
- G-9 - Yakovlev YAK-4
- G-10 - Petlyakov PE-2
(Source:
National Air and Space Museum)
EDIT (22-12-15): In addition to the posters and plans, the Naval Aviation Training Division also produced a few sets of View-Master reels:
Reels (Number - Aircraft)- Study Set
- S1 - Lockheed P-38E Lightning[35]
- S2 - Republic P-47B Thunderbolt[36]
- S3 - North American P-51 Mustang[37]
- S4 - Lockheed Hudson[38]
- S5 - Martin A-30 Baltimore[39]
- S6 - Vultee A-31 Vengeance[40]
- S7 - North American B-25B Mitchell[41]
- S8 - Martin B-26B-1 Marauder[42]
- S9 - Consolidated B-24 Liberator[43]
- S10 - Curtiss O-52[44]
- S11 - Grumman F4F-4 Wildcat[45]
- S12 - Vought-Sikorsky F4U-1 Corsair[46]
- S13 - Curtiss SB2C-1 Helldiver[47]
- S14 - Douglas SBD-3, -4 Dauntless[48]
- S15 - Vought-Sikorsky SB2U-3 Vindicator[49]
- S16 - Grumman TBF-1 Avenger[50]
- S17 - Curtiss SO3C-1 Seagull[51]
- S18 - Vought-Sikorsky OS2U-1 Kingfisher[52]
- S19 - ?
- S20 - Consolidated PBY-5 Catalina[53]
- S21 - Consolidated PB2Y-3 Coronado[54]
- S22 - Martin PBM-3 Mariner[55]
- S23 - Hawker Hurricane I, II[56]
- S24 - Vickers-Armstrong Spitfire V[57]
- S25 - ?
- S26 - Focke-Wulf Fw 187 Zerstorer[58]
- S27 - Henkel He 113[59]
- S28 - Messerschmitt Me 109 F[60]
- S29 - Messerschmitt Me 110[61]
- S30 - Focke-Wulf Fw 189 Flying Eye[62]
- S31 - Junkers Ju 87 B Stuka[63]
- S32 - Heinkel He 111K[64]
- S33 - Junkers Ju 88 A-1[65]
- S34 - ?
- S35 - Mitsubishi Type 00 Zero-Zeke[66]
- S36 - Nakajima (Mitsubishi) Type 97 Abdul[67]
- S37 - Aichi Type 99 Val[68]
- S38 - Kawasaki Type 97 Mary[69]
- S39 - Mitsubishi Type 97 Babs[70]
- S40 - Mitsubishi Type 98 Ida[71]
- S41 - Mitsubishi Type 98 Sonia[72]
- S42 - Nakajima (Mitsubishi) Type 97 Kate[73]
- S43 - Nakajima Type 97 Adam[74]
- S44 - Kawasaki Type 98 Dick[75]
- S45 - Mitsubishi Type 98 Ruth[76]
- S46 - Mitsubishi Type 96 Nell[77]
- S47 - Mitsubishi (Nakajima) Type 97 Sally[78]
- S48 - I-16[79]
- S49 - Pe-2[80]
- S50 - Il-2 Stormovik[81]
- S51 - ?
- S52 - ?
- S53 - ?
- S54 - ?
- S55 - ?
- S56 - ?
- S57 - ?
- S58 - ?
- S59 - ?
- S60 - ?
- S61 - ?
- S62 - ?
- S63 - ?
- S64 - ?
- S65 - ?
- S66 - ?
- S67 - Bristol Beaufighter II[82]
- S68 - ?
- S69 - ?
- S70 - ?
- S71 - Fiat CR.42[82]
- S72 - ?
- S73 - ?
- S74 - Fairey Barracuda[82]
- Test Set
- T1 - Sonia, Kate, Zero-Zeke, Abdul, Ida, Sally, Val[83]
- T2 - Val, Kate, Abdul, Sally, Sonia, Zero-Zeke, Ida[84]
- T3 - ?
- T4 - Ida, Kate, Sally, Zero-Zeke, Val, Abdul, Sonia[85]
- T5 - ?
- T6 - Zero-Zeke, Sonia, Sally, Abdul, Kate, Val, Ida[86]
- T7 - Kate, Sonia, Val, Sally, Ida, Abdul, Zero-Zeke[87]
- T8 - Ruth, Mary, Flying Eye, Nell, Il-2, Babs, Hudson[88]
- T9 - Hudson, Mary, Nell, Babs, Ruth, Flying Eye, Il-2[89]
- T10 - Babs, Mary, Il-2, Ruth, Nell, Hudson, Flying Eye[90]
- T11 - ?
- T12 - Nell, Mary, Hudson, Il-2, Flying Eye, Ruth, Babs[91]
- T13 - Flying Eye, Ruth, Babs, Nell, Mary, Hudson, Il-2[92]
- T14 - Mary, Ruth, Hudson, Babs, Il-2, Nell, Flying Eye[93]
- T15 - Coronado, Corsair, He 113, Liberator, Me 110, Mustang, Zerstorer[94]
- T16 - Corsair, Coronado, Zerstorer, Mustang, Me 110, Liberator, He 113[95]
- T17 - He 113, Coronado, Mustang, Liberator, Corsair, Zerstorer, Me 110[96]
- T18 - Liberator, Coronado, Me 110, Corsair, Mustang, He 113, Zerstorer[97]
- T19 - Me 110, Coronado, Liberator, Zerstorer, He 113, Mustang, Corsair[98]
- T20 - Zerstorer, Corsair, Liberator, Mustang, Coronado, He 113, Me 110[99]
- T21 - ?
- T22 - ?
- T23 - ?
- T24 - Dauntless, Vengeance, Helldiver, Marauder, Avenger, Baltimore, Texan[100]
- T25 - Baltimore, Vengeance, Avenger, Dauntless, Marauder, Texan, Helldiver[101]
- T26 - Marauder, Texan, Helldiver, Baltimore, Vengeance, Avenger, Dauntless[102]
- T27 - ?
- T28 - Texan, Vengeance, Marauder, Baltimore, Dauntless, Helldiver, Avenger[103]
- T29 - O-52, I-16, Seagull, Dick, Vindicator, Stirling, Me 109 F[104]
- T30 - Me 109 F, I-16, Dick, Stirling, O-52, Seagull, Vindicator[105]
- T31 - Stirling, I-16, Vindicator, O-52, Dick, Me 109 F, Seagull[106]
- T32 - Vindicator, I-16, Stirling, Seagull, Me 109 F, Dick, O-52[107]
- T33 - Dick, I-16, Me 109 F, Vindicator, Seagull, O-52, Stirling[108]
- T34 - Seagull, I-16, O-52, Me 109F, Stirling, Vindicator, Dick[82]
- T35 - I-16, Me 109 F, Stirling, Vindicator, Dick, Seagull, O-52[109]
- T36 - Hurricane, Claude, Mariner, Stuka, Pe-2, Wildcat, Adam[110]
- T37 - Adam, Claude, Stuka, Wildcat, Hurricane, Mariner, Pe-2[111]
- T38 - Wildcat, Claude, Pe-2, Hurricane, Stuka, Adam, Mariner[112]
- T39 - Pe-2, Claude, Wildcat, Mariner, Adam, Stuka, Hurricane[113]
- T40 - Stuka, Claude, Adam, Pe-2, Mariner, Hurricane, Wildcat[114]
- T41 - ?
- T42 - Claude, Hurricane, Adam, Wildcat, Pe-2, Stuka, Mariner[115]
- T43 - Kingfisher, Mitchell, He 111K, Catalina, Ju 88, Thunderbolt, Lightning[116]
- T44 - ?
- T45 - Lightning, Mitchell, Ju 88, Kingfisher, Catalina, Spitfire, He 111K[117]
- T46 - Thunderbolt, Mitchell, Lightning, He 111K, Spitfire, Catalina, Kingfisher[118]
- T47 - ?
- T48 - Catalina, Kingfisher, Lightning, Ju 88, Mitchell, Spitfire, Thunderbolt[119]
- T49 - He 111K, Kingfisher, Spitfire, Lightning, Thunderbolt, Ju 88, Catalina[120]
- T50 - Mitchell, Thunderbolt, He 111K, Lightning, Catalina, Spitfire, Ju 88[121]
- T51 - ?
- T52 - ?
- T53 - ?
- T54 - ?
- T55 - ?
- T56 - ?
- T57 - ?
- T58 - ?
- T59 - ?
- T60 - ?
- T61 - ?
- T62 - ?
- T63 - ?
- T64 - ?
- T65 - SM.79, Flying Fortress, Albacore, Wellington II, Do 217E, Blenheim IV, Sunderland[82]
- T66 - ?
- T67 - ?
- T68 - ?
- T69 - ?
- T70 - Halifax, SM.82, Lancaster I, MiG-3 (I-18), Fiat CR.42, Barracuda, Cant Z.506B[82]
- T71 - Cant Z.506B, MiG-3 (I-18), Lancaster I, Havoc or Boston, Halifax, Fiat CR.42, Barracuda[82]
- Unknown
- No. 3 - P-51[122]
- No. 6 - A-24[122]
- No. 9 - A-29[122]
- No. 10 - B-25[122]
- No. 20 - Cantiere Z.506B[122]
- No. 21 - Piaggio P.32[122]
- No. 22 - Savoia Marchetti SM.79[122]
- No. 23 - Caproni Ca.133[122]
- No. 24 - Savoia Marchetti SM.81[122]
- No. 57 - Mitsubishi 98[122]
- No. 76 - Focke-Wulf Fw 200K[122]
There were also sets of study and test reels of aircraft (AA-S, AA-T) and ships (STS-S, STS-t) for gunners.
[123]EDIT (22-12-18): Given the importance placed on the skill, it shouldn't be surprising that there were a few more recognition materials in addition to the above. For instance, packs of Aircraft Silhouette Recognition Cards was produced by the Naval Aviation Training Division. However, while these were playing cards, they were not exactly the same as the traditional French style as although they had suits - in the form of which view of the aircraft was portrayed - they lacked numbers. This version was originally created by the Royal Air Force, as noted on the manual in a
copy in the collection of the National Air and Space Museum. It appears this served as the basis of a later set marketed by Parker Brothers as "Navy WEFTUP".
[124] A similar Squadron Scramble game was published by Whitman Publishing (and "approved by the National Aeronautic Association"), but the relationship between the two is unclear. A detailed summary of the set - including variations and scans of the cards - is available on a
page on the website Skytamer Images. It is likely that all of these games were influenced by the
tobacco cards of the 1930s and earlier. The trend would continue after World War II, with the subject matter switching to Soviet aircraft in
later packs, and eventually led to the
most-wanted Iraqi playing cards used in the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
Other staples of the entertainment industry also became involved in the recognition teaching effort. Disney produced a series of training films for use in the WEFT system.
[125] A
Wikipedia page has a partially uncited list of potential entries in the series.
Lastly, entries and links have been added for Recognition of Aircraft by the WEFT System and List of War Department Films, Film Strips, and Recognition Film Slides.
EDIT (23-06-03): Apparently, there was another set of large aircraft recognition posters in addition to the ones listed in a previous edit. This second set used the older style black silhouettes similar to those seen in
T.O. 00-40-1 mentioned above, instead of the later grayscale versions. According to a
WIX post, the aircraft depicted include:
- Beech C-45
- Boeing PT-17 Stearman
- Brewster F2A Buffalo
- Catalina PBY-5
- Corsair F4U
- Curtiss AT-10
- Curtiss SB2C Helldiver
- Dornier DO-215
- Douglas TBD
- Focke-Wulf Kurier
- Grumman F4F Wildcat
- Grumman TBF Avenger
- Heinkel HE-111
- JU-87B
- Junkers JU-52
- Macchi C200
- Martin PBM Mariner
- Messerschmidt ME-109E
- Messerschmitt ME-110
- Mitsubishi Type 96 Bomber
- Savoia Marchetti SM.79
- Vought SB2U Vindicator
In addition, 4 training film entries with links and 5 military manual entries have been added to the lists above.
EDIT (23-09-12): Somehow I missed the fact that AirCorps Library had copies of T.O. 00-40-3, 00-40-4 and 00-40-6 as well as 00-40-5. Links have been added to the list of manuals above, but, seeing as the contents of the kits do not really qualify as documents and this post is already long enough, I have elected to not transcribe the list – at least for the time being. In addition, for anyone who wants to see what the plastic models look like, there is a
sales listing with a complete set of the model planes from "Series 1" on the International Military Antiques website. Note that in both cases these are the 1:432 scale models and not the larger ones that most people are familiar with.
EDIT (23-09-22): Yet more aircraft recognition materials have come to my attention. Thanks to a display at the Cradle of Aviation Museum, I learned that there was a volvelle, or wheel chart, that was produced as well, 1942-O-457035. An
eBay listing has pictures of an example. As shown in an
auction listing, a similar Know Your Planes/Plane-o-Graph device was published by Plane Facts, Inc.
The National Museum of the Pacific War also
sells three aircraft recognition posters, but although the text at the bottom identifies them as coming from FM 30-30, I can't tell if they actually existed in this format during World War II or they are modern recreations.
Two additional entries have also been added to the public documents section and three to the foreign section.
EDIT (24-06-27): The National Air and Space Museum has a
set of 102 recognition slides from the immediate postwar era that they have digitized.
Flying magazine apparently got into the act during World War II as well and offered an "Aircraft Identification Kit" of 112 recognition slides.
[126]EDIT (24-08-18): To build upon the above, and not unlike the Squadron Scramble card game, there was a "Spot-a-Plane" board game produced by Toy Creations, Inc.
[127]Also, another rare foreign example, a Japanese aircraft identification poster for the P-38 and F4F, has been added above.
EDIT (25-03-26): Add 6 public documents entries and 1 military manual entry.
EDIT (25-04-20): Add 3 training films and 4 foreign entries.
Last edited by
Noha307 on Sun Apr 20, 2025 11:19 pm, edited 18 times in total.