daveymac82c wrote:
And, how things are organized for military training like "Operation Maple Flag" etc.
Where to even start with that one. A HUGE topic that would take a long time to go into detail.
There are many different ways to set up and execute air-to-air training, and each of them have specific sets of rules and methodology.
Essentially we use a building block approach to train, starting with 1 v 1, then moving on to 2 v 1, then 2 v 2, then 4 v 4, then 4 v X. Beyond that we get into Large Force Exercises (LFEs) and beyond that we get Flag Exercies.
Names of stuff:
1 v 1 = Basic Fighter Maneuvers (BFM)
2 v 1 = Air Combat Maneuvering (ACM)
2 v 2 = Air Combat Tactics (ACT)
4 v x = Offensive Counter Air (OCA) or Defensive Counter Air (DCA)
The 1 v 1 and 2 v 1 are generally "within visual range" types of setups that focus on the actual stick-and-rudder maneuvering, while the others are "beyond visual range" setups that focus on sensor and weapon employment as well as tactics.
We have numerous training rules that we have to abide by. These rules establish "rules of the road", safe haven altitudes, procedures on what to do if you lose sight of the other aircraft, etc. There are additional standards on how the fights are set up, what weapons may be used, what constitutes a kill, etc. There are literally pages and pages of this stuff that must be well known by all players.
Here's a most basic setup for a BFM fight. In this case, it is a "6K offensive BFM" setup, meaning that the "blue" fighter will start in an offensive position 6,000' (1 mile) behind the bandit.
There are of course all different kinds of variations on this, all depending on the particular learning point that you are trying to practice. In this case, at 6,000' you are just at the forward edge of being able to shoot an AMRAAM, you are in the zone to shoot a Sidewinder, and you're not quite able to shoot 'em with the gun yet.
Anyway, that's just a taste.